Gun type oil burner with combustion head structure



May 5, 1953 J. M. CARROLL ET AL GUN TYPE OIL BURNER WITH COMBUSTION HEAD STRUCTURE Filed Aug. 27, 1949 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTORS: WITNESSES & 975W 0 0, BY wzfwag ATTORN 2'IYS.

y 9 119% J. M. CARRQLL ET AL 5 3 GUN TYPE OIL BURNER WITH COMBUSTION HEAD STRUCTURE Filed Aug. 2'7, 1.949 3 Sheets Sheei 2 INVENTORS: WITNbSSES cfamas DZCarroZZ &

him-14, BY Thomas WI /1122217251.,

M ATTOZfiEYS.

y @953 J. M. CARROLL ET AL 29637379 GUN TYPE OIL BURNER WITH COMBUSTION HEAD STRUCTURE Filed Aug. 27, 1949 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 s Q/fi BY Thomas W Murphy,

z/ z M ATTORNEYS.

Patented May 5, 1953 GUN TYPE OIL BURNER WITH COMBUSTION HEAD STRUCTURE James M. Carroll, Philadelphia, and Thomas W.

Murphy, Nail-berth, Pa, assignors to The Monarch Manufacturing Works, 1110., Philadelphia, Pa., a corporation of fielaware Application August 27, 1949, Serial No. 112,724

14 Claims.

This. invention has. general reference. to fluentfuel burners and, moreparticularly relates to an improved combustion head conveniently, although not. essentially, well adaptedfor installation. in oil burning domestic heating plants, but. which may also be. incorporatedto, advantage in connection with larger fiuent'fuel burners.

More. speci ically the instant. invention has for its primary. object. improvements. in iiuent. fuel burners, of the type disclosedin pending applications for patent, respectively, filed. by Thomas W. Murphy (one-oi the instant applicants) under Serial. No. 694,752,. dated September l, 19:46; and James M. Carroll (the other of the instant applicants), under Serial No. 792,282,. dated December 17, 19.4 7. now U. S. Patents.2,505,,33-7' and 2,531,027, respectively.

Another object is toprovide aburner of thetype. aboveliei'erredtowhereby amuch better and more intimatemixing oi. the fluent fuel and combus tionsupporting airis.positivelyassuredg: the shapeof thefiame orafire. is rendered adjustable as desired or expedient; and escape of any of thercomebustion supporting air is. to, all practical: intent eliminated. with. an attendant, increase in the: flame eihciency.

Qther. objects. and. advantages. of our invention will. hereinafter appear or bespecincally noted; while said invention briefly consists incertain feae tunes. of: construction, and the. novel: combinations. of; par s. described; and typically illustrated by the accompanyingrsheets of. drawings; wherein:

Fig. 1. is'a broken. longitudinal section: through. a conventional type domestic oilburner. embody-:- ing. our. present. improvements.

Fig. 2 is airont end View or the burnertaken as. indicated? within. the confines of the arrows II-TII in Fig. l.

Fig. 3; is a cross-section: through the burner taken on theplane designated-111 411 in Figs. 1

and. 4.

Fig; 4. is a relatively. larger scale longitudinalsection; taken approximately: as, indicated: bythe planeindicating. arrows: IV:.IV in. Fig. 2.

Fig. 51s a similar section to-the. preceding figure on. a corresponding scale, but takenon the plane designated: V.'--V in. Figs. 2: and; 41..

Fig; 6.is an. exploded: perspective viewroi'theair turbulator, with: associated choke and stop:

rings; later onherein fully described;

Fig. 7 is. aperspective view of. aasecondary air-- flow defining component; hereinafter fully de scribed:

Fig. Sis-aperspective viewxof an air director, incorporated with the component of Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is an air guide also incorporated inthe controlling component of Fig. 7; and,

Fig. 10 is a, perspective view of a spider device" serviceable to mount and hold the combustion head of this invention in assembly.

in describing the embodiment of our invention exemplified by the three sheets of illustrations herewith specific terms will. be employed for the sake of clarity, but it is to be understood the scopeofsaid invention is not thereby limited; each such term being intended to embrace: all equivalents which perform the same function for an analogous purpose.

Referring more in detail to the drawings a typical oil burner housing is comprehensively designated ll, said housing including an off-set 866E101). l2 for the blower fan it; as Well as a blast or air tube It having: a stop ring- !5 at its free or open end, that is rigidly secured in place by aid. of screw-studs to, Fig. 5. The stop ring is is. provided with a shallow exterior groovel l Figs. 1, and 4 for apurpose lateron herein again rei'erred to; whereas. t8. indicates a conventiuirlal closure: plate for theb-urner housingremote fromsaid' stopring' Hi.

The burner combustion. head comprehensively marked iii, of our present invention comprises an: improved. type. of cylindrical air-turbul'ator 2i seeiFig. 6-.to best advantage, preferably made of a desirable length of stainless: steel tubing to embody a forward plainend 26 for inset reception of a. concave-convex air choke ring sec-- tion- 2i, and a rear end-with an inwardlyangled flange 22 embodying diametrically opposedpairsof spaced projections 23 usefulto correctly-posh tion the 'turbulator 2B to hold same against any turning movement, as later on fully explained. In addition it is to be noted the'main wail oft-he air turbulator' 26- is lengthwise slitted atregular intervals to provide mainly inwardlydirected blades M'- of curvilinear cross sectionthat serve to direct the main body of the combustion supporting air annul'arly about the oil jet nozzle" 25 With'a continuousswirling motion. Thejet nozale 2% is suitably secured to the adjoining end of the-fuel supply line'ii; with capacity for'a'xi'al adjustment as hereinafter set forth.

Attention is-now directed to the fact that the angled flange 22 of the turbulator 29 is fitted with-a closure element, whichwepreferably term; a closurep1ate-2 l asseen in Figs. 1, 4; 5* and? This-plate 2-"l is provided" with a surrounding lip? 28 adapted-to snuglyengage'abouttheturbulator angled flange 22; whilesaid plate includes" a central orifice 29, with a concentric annular series of helically pitched vanes effective to direct secondary air centrally through said plate 21. Incidentally, while the pitched vanes 30 are shown in the drawings as projecting beyond both planar faces of the plate 27, it is to be expressly understood they may be directed from one side only, preferably forward or toward the tip 3i of the nozzle 25.

Referring again to the closure plate 21 it will be further remarked, on reference to Fig. 7 more particularly, that it is provided with diametrically spaced holes 32, 33 and 34, the respective purposes whereof will now be explained in conjunction with the assembling of the burner combustion head I9 and the associated mounting or spider device 35, Fig. 10. In the first place the plate 21 is equipped with a forwardly-directed and concentrically-related tubular air-flow director 36, Fig. 8, having a rear end flange 31 with diametrically spaced holes 33, whereby said controller is rigidly attached to the plate 27 as by rivets 39 for example, see Figs. 2 and 4, which also are engaged through the plate holes 34 above referred to. It is also to be noted that the bore of the controller 36 is of a diameter to surround the forward portions of the pitched vanes 30, as clearly shown in Figs. 4 and 5; while the central orifice 29 of the spiralizing plate 2? isfitted with a co-axial air-guiding sleeve 40,

Figs. 4, 5 and 9, of aninner diameter to slidably engage the jet nozzle 25. The sleeve 40 has its forward end tapered at 4| for a purpose later on herein set forth; whereas the rear end thereof embodies a reduced extension 42, for snug engagement through the central orifice 29 of the this juncture it is to be particularly noted that the tubular spacers 44 have their bores 46 in part screw-threaded at 41, and that the bolts are correspondingly screw-threaded at 48 for coaction with the bore threadings 41; also that the shank portions of said bolts adjoining their heads 49 are not only engaged through the holes 33 in the plate 21 but that they also seat in the respective slots defined by the spaced projections 23, of the turbulator angled flange 22, see Fig. 4. Thus it will be readily seen that by applying a suitable tool to the cross groove 50 in the bolt heads 49, for instance, the assembled parts 20, 21', 36 and 40 are firmly clamped to the spacers 44 with the threaded ends 48 of the bolts 45 projecting outwardly, in position for free passage through the apertures 5l proximate the ends of the spider diametric arms 52, see Fig. 4; whereupon appropriate lock washers 53 and nuts 54 are applied, in an obvious manner.

The mounting or spider device 35 embodies a central orificed boss 55 the bore of which is adjustable along the fuel supply pipe 26 and is adapted for rigid fixture thereto, in the desirable position, by aid of a screw-stud 56, as readily understood by those conversant with the art. In addition the spider device 35 embodies another pair of radial arms 51, Figs. 3, 5 and 10, including tubular end portions 58 for support of a pair of parallel electrode holders 59.

Each electrode holder 59 is preferably of It will thus be apparent that the parts a porcelain and of known type, but it is to be particularly observed that the forward ends 60 thereof are projected but slightly beyond the turbulator closure plate 21 with snug engagement through the associated hole 32, as clearly shown in Fig. 5. Furthermore each electrode holder 58 is secured in position by aid of a clamp screw 6| engaged in the respective spider tubular portion 58. Positioning of the forward ends 60 of the electrode holders 59, as just above set forth, serves to prevent obstructive interference with the desired air circulation in the turbulator 20. Another advantage inhering to the retraction of the electrode holders 59, to the position shown and described, enables the provision of certain tubular surface areas 62 that serve for protection. against carbonization, of the electrode wires 63, due to heat and fuel oil traveling back along said Wires, with resultant damage to said wires and their connector means 64, whereas the groove ll hereinbefore mentionedserves as a drain outlet forany fuel oil that may, collect inthe blast or air tube I4 as readilyunderstood .by those cone.

versant with the art.

Incidentally the forward end of the fuel supply pipe 26 is threaded at65, and the jet nozzle. is provided with diametrically opposed flats 66.

for example only, in order thatsaid nozzle -may.

be axially adjusted, as desired or expedient, relative to the spark terminals 61 of the electrode wires 63, Figs. 2, 4 and 5. 1

troverted or opposedly curved over. for reception of a pronged spring grip 10 having .its prongsengaged in the said retroverted ends 66 and normally effective to hold the band 68 firmly around the turbulator 20 in the desired position On the other hand it will be readily apparent. that, when the band 68 is moved to either endv in Fig.1,

or lengthwise of the turbulator 20 the grip 10- will automatically function to againsecure said band in its changed position.v Itwill now be self-evident that, having all of theparts as sembled as before described, the combustionhead I9 is ready for application of the chokering 2| and the split ring 12, preferably of rectangular section, to the forward end of the com-M bustion-head iii, in an obvious manner, with frontal engagement in the counter-bore-l3 0fthe stop ring 15. Note should be had at this juncture that the split ring 12 is of a size to mask the tips of the tangentially-inclined vanes 30 for a purpose later on herein set forth.

Having described the structural. features our invention its manner of operation will be.

self-evident to those conversant with the vart, but it is desired to emphasize herein certain funcsr tional aspects that render the combustion-head. highly eificient in use. In the first. place by our instant improvements we have substantial-i ly cleared the air turbulator 20 of .the interior:

obstructions that previously interfered with the continuous swirling motion of the mainbody of the combustion supporting air about the fuel jet nozzle 25, and by provision of the inturned rear angle-flange 22 with which the lipped edgepor tion 28 of the closure plate 21 snugly engages and the use of the split ring 72, escapement of air from off the forward end edges of the blades 24 is effectively prevented, whereby all combustionsupporting air must pass. through saidbladesfl,

or through the central secondary air helicallypitche'd vanes 30 .innnediatelyaround the nozzle 25' and from thence 'into' the' mixing zone beyond the forward end of the tubular air-flow controller 36. It 'is also to be noted that the secondary air-flow director 36 and air guiding sleeve 40 are concentric in respect tothe turbulator 20 with a resultant direct flow through the swirling air in said turbulator. Incidental to providing the guide sleeve M with the forward taper end 41 it will be also apparent'that a portion of the approximately cylindrical flow of the secondary air will be directed into and across the fuelspray'emitted' from the nozzle tip'3l, as Well as across the terminal portions '61 of the electrode wires 63; and adjunctively itis 't be remarked that the major portions-of; said wires 53' outwardly of the holders 59 are'con'tinuously subjected to the action ofthe swirling air in the turbulator- 2 0. As a result it will be obvious that the electrode wires Stare lrept substantially free from carbonization or other accumulative matter much longer than heretofore possiblei Finally, while we have shown and described our improved fluent fuel burner combustion head in e be orm at re ent n wn o us it i to be understood that various changes may be made in the form and arrangement of the'constituent parts of the same without departing from the spirit of the following claims.

Having thus described qur invention, we claim:

1. A fuel burner comprising a blast tube, fuel supply means, a fuel burning nozzle in said blast tube, m ans for s pp y ng combust upport n air thereto, an air turbulator in the form of a tube disposed longitudinally within said blast tube carrying a plurality of circumferentially spaced longitudinally disposed blades constructed to direct the air inwardly with continuous swirling motion, a closure in the form of a plate attached across one end of said turbulator tube, a plurality of angled vanes annularly arranged in openings on said closure plate to whirl the air passing therethrough, an air director tube contiguously surrounding the outer edges of said angled vanes and extending forwardly of said closure plate into said turbulator tube, said air director tube being substantially coaxial with said turbulator tube, and an air guide sleeve disposed coaxially within said air director tube, said air guide sleeve having an air guiding surface in contact near its outer end with the inner edges of said angled vanes and extending into said turbulator tube, whereby the air director tube and air guide sleeve coact to define a substantially axially directed annular passage disposed forwardly of said angled vanes in said turbulator tube for passage of air whirled by said angled vanes.

2. The invention as defined in claim 1, wherein the air guide sleeve has an inwardly tapered forward end providing an air guide surface extending toward the axis of the air guide sleeve.

3. In a fuel burner, a blast tube, means for driving combustion supporting air through said blast tube, a fuel feed nozzle in said blast tube, a fuel feed conduit connected to said fuel feed nozzle, an air turbulator tube mounted substantially coaxially within said blast tube, a plurality of blades disposed substantially longitudinally on said turbulator tube with spaces therebetween, said blades being constructed to direct air inwardly through said spaces with continuous swirling motion in said blast tube, and a movable band encircling the turbulator blades and slidably adjustable longitudinally, oi salQIt ul'b v V I blades, the width of said movabl'eband be ng less than the length of 'th' 'spaces between said turbulator blades whereby the distribution of. air

flow through the turbulator blades maybe varied independently of the air flow. rate therethrough, for variation of the shape of the burner flame, by adjusting said band longilmdinally along'said turbulatorblades.

e. 'The invention as defined in claim 3 further characterized by the'fact that. the movable band has a pair of spaced adjacent free ends, and by the provision of spring means constructed and arranged for attachment to said free ends, said spring means beingeffective when so attacliedto urge the free ends of the band'toward onean other to establishfrictional Contact or the band with said blades.

5(In a fuel burner, a blast tube, means for driving combustion "supporting airthr'ough said blast tube, a fuel feed nozzle in said blast tube, 'a fuel feed conduit connected t9 sai'd'f fuel feed 62 16 a wh rl g ma me i a plate asses moun d Q a ne ed nd it t n s d blast hibesapid ate evin n ll i an e n o Wh s. dtem iis i n $1 1? por ng ai in s id s g d submit I enr ta ah y m unted in eel be r a wardly of said transverse plate," an de l clde'r the form of a sleeve of non at g material sup o te by extend n p a d a sve H blast tube, an electrode inounte d sa d sleeve, and electric connecting means through which said electrode may be energized to induce fuel combustion at said nozzle, said electrode holder sleeve having a stepped inner bore including a relatively narrow-bore portion gripping the electrode at the rear end only of the sleeve, and a relatively wide-bore portion at the forward end of the sleeve, there being free space between the electrode and said wide-bore portion, whereby said wide-bore portion affords a substantial area of non-conducting material surrounding the electrode.

6. A combustion head for a fuel burner of the type described comprising in combination, a tubular air turbulator having front and rear ends, the rear end having an inwardly directed flange, said turbulator having a plurality of circumferentially spaced longitudinally disposed blades constructed to direct the air inwardly with continuous swirling motion, a, choke ring in the front end of said turbulator, said choke ring being constructed to direct said air inwardly, a closure for the rear end of the turbulator carrying an annular series of helically-pitched vanes arranged about a central orifice, said closure having openings between said helically-pitched vanes through which air may pass, a secondary air flow director tube attached to said closure in contiguous surrounding relation to said vanes and extending forwardly into said turbulator, a concentrically related air guiding sleeve secured at its rear end in the turbulator closure central orifice, means securing the parts aforesaid in rigid assembly, a spider device for mounting the turbulator assembly on the burner fuel nozzle and supply line, tubular spacers extending between the turbulator closure and aligned arms of the spider device, tubular electrode holders engaged through other aligned arms of the spider device with slight projection into the turbulator, and means whereby the turbulator assembly, said spacers, said electrode holder'sahd the spider device are rigidly connected together. 1 .n

.7. The invention of claim 6 wherein the turbulator rear end flange embodies diametrically op.- posed pairs. of spaced projections; wherein the means securing the turbulator assembly, tubular spacers, electrode holders and the spider device rigidly together consist of .bolts passed through the turbulator rear end closure, tubularspacers and spider device; and wherein the bolt shank portions, adjoining the heads thereof, seat in the slots between the spaced projections of each pair aforesaid to prevent relative turning between the turbulator and the spider device.

8. The invention of claim 7 further characterized by the tubular spacershaving a portion of their respective bores screw threaded, and wherein the through bolts are correspondinglythreaded for engagement with-the spacer bore threadings to rigidly attach the spacers to the turbulator assembly. I

9. The invention of claim 6 wherein a split ring is associated with the choke ring and abuts the forward ends of the turbulator blades, and wherein the split ring in the choke ring is of rectangular cross section, and wherein the radial dimension of said split ring equals th'e'radius oithe tip ends of the tangentially pitched blades whereby escape of any of the combustion supporting air thereat is effectively prevented. 10. The invention of. claim 6 wherein the closure for the turbulator rear end is in the form of a plate; and wherein said vanes project beyond both planar faces of the closure plate.

8 11. The invention of claim 10 wherein said plate embodies a surrounding lip to snugly engage around the turbulator rear end inwardly directed flange.

12. The invention of claim 6 wherein the secondary air flow controller tube carries a surrounding fiange at one end which is attached by appropriate means to the forward face of the turbulator closure so as to closely surround the pitched vanes.

13. The invention of claim 6 wherein the air guiding sleeve is tapered at its forward end; and wherein the rear end embodies a reduced extension for passage through the turbulator closure central orifice; and wherein said reduced extension provides rigid attaching means for the sleeve to the closure. I

'14. The invention of claim 6 wherein the electrode holders are porcelain and wherein each said holder affords a surrounding surface area about and in spaced relation to the associated electrode wire effective to protect the latter against carbonization.

JAMES M. CARROLL. THOMAS W. MURPHY.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,107,800 Powers Feb. 8, 1938 2,262,525 DeLancey Nov. 11, 1941 2,473,347 Sanborn June 14, 1949 2,491,201 ODonnell et a1 Dec. 13, 1949 2,513,645 Hallinan July 4, 1950 

